SITUATION OF BLACKS DURING APARTHEID
-only allowed to do low level works
-Population Registration Act (four racial groups)
-Group Areas Act (specific areas for residence for different races (also forced to move))
-Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act (homelands (independent national state) permanent black territories)
-Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act
-Separate Amenities Act (separated public facilities -> petty apartheid)
-Natives Act/Pass Law (blacks had to have a lot of documents with them (over 16: Passbooks always available)
-Banning Orders (e.g. Suppression of Communism Act) -> not allowed to attend public meetings etc. (reference: Nelson Mandela)
-> Acts were arbitrary (willkürlich)
-> OPPRESSION, FORCE, VIOLENCE AND SEGREGATION -> (“Necklacing” -> mob justice -> blacks against blacks (as they thought they work for the government -> betrayal)
-Police violence (torture) -> reference: Dry White Season
-> not allowed to own land, live where they chose, sometimes speak their own language (school)
Reference: MOTHER TO MOTHER
Mxholisi (young black) lives in Guguletu (township): fearless (nothing to lose) -> desperation -> against discrimination, earlier: apartheid
Amy (young white): at ease; dedicated; extravert; inquisitive, fearless (no sense of danger)
Situation of poor Blacks:
-lost; rickety houses/shacks; few education; homesickness (forced to move); not much nature; decent shopping capabilities; uniformity; deading surroundings
Women/Mandisa:
-oppression; patriarchy; dependent; subordinate; traditional image of women (housewife); often forced marriages (if children are illegitimate -> social disgrace); work (little salary; often more manual work; working for whites; not many graduations -> no high jobs)

AIDS
-still a problem in Africa -> some people still deny the existence; no knowledge
-unprotected sex -> protections too expensive (and also anti-retroviral drugs)
-25.3 million infected people in Africa
-social disgrace -> HIV care centers (forced to be there); in community: get stoned, despised, murdered
-few preventative programs
Reference: Nkosi Johnson

CORRUPTION
-bribery
-nepotism (Vetternwirtschaft (Präsident gibt Verwandte Jobs))
Reference: We will stand up against Zuma

SITUATION OF BLACKS TODAY
-“Rainbow Nation” (intended to sum up the unity of multy-culturalism)
-still differences between blacks and whites
-ethnic distribution: 80%/10%
-Whites earn twice as much as the black population
-old homelands -> slums/townships (some are still no-go areas for the police policing has largely become a private concern)
-health issues (dirty drink water; illness (Aids)) -> no many hospitals and trained doctors
-economy grows (also infrastructure)
-> new black middle class emerged; inequality narrowed a bit but situation of poor blacks still not have improved
-high unemployment rate
-unequal society (access to jobs; income distribution; social services; wealth; land ownership)
-big gap between rich and poor
-schooling is abysmal, teacher don’t take their jobs serious
-high crime rate (murder is common and persistent at least in some areas) because of poverty and missing trust in state/government/police -> murder, rape, …
-dissatisfaction among the black youth (face high jobless rates)
-life expectations very low (f.ex. HIV/Aids)
-internal corruption
-even the highest living standards there are in comparison to european standards low
-white rich elite build fences -> tries to secure their lives from thieves,… and “black threat”

HISTORY
-many settlers from different countries colonized the country
-already then they pushed the black indigenous people into the interior of the country (no arrangements)
-ANC (was founded in 1912)
-National Party wins election (white-only)-> white minority rule -> pigmentocracy
-> policy of Apartheid: (siehe ACTS; siehe APARTHEID)
-NELSON MANDELA
-protests/riots of students in Soweto -> against school subjects in Afrikaans -> a lot of victims
-a lot of demonstrations -> pressure from inside and outside grew
-black population (74%) -> no parliamentary representation
-1994: first non-racial general election
-1996: new South African constitution